Questionnaire | Number of items | Range | Cut-off values | Measure |
---|---|---|---|---|
PHQ-9a | 9 | 0â27 | 0â5: no depression 5â10: mild depression 10â15: moderate depression 15â20: moderately severe depression â>â20: severe depression | Depressive symptoms |
GAD-7a | 7 | 0â21 | 0â4: minimal anxiety 5â9: mild anxiety 10â14: moderate anxiety â>â15: severe anxiety | Anxiety symptoms |
PAID-5b | 5 | 0â20 | â>â7: elevated diabetes distress | Diabetes distress |
WHO-5c | 5 | 0â100 | â<â50: impaired mental well-being | Mental well-being |