Table 2 Within and between-group changes in the outcomes (pain, disability, FHP, endurance, and QoL)
|  |  | Mean ± SD | Within-group | Between-groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Groups | Baseline | 8 weeks | Change relative to baseline§ (%) | Effect size†and 95% confidence interval (lower limit–upper limit) | p | Interaction effects | P |
Pain, VAS | GPR+ AF | 7.3 ± 0.9 | 4.4 ± 1.7 | 39.7% ↓ | 0.89 (0.34 to 1.64) | 0.01‡ | F = 7.45 P = 0.03Ω | 0.031* 0.041Ф |
GPR alone | 6.7 ± 1.2 | 5.8 ± 1.05 | 13.4% ↓ | 0.23 (0.26 to 1.22) | 0.06 | |||
Control | 6.4 ± 1.8 | 6.9 ± 1.6 | 9.3% ↑ | − 0.06 (− 0.04 to 0.38) | 0.45 | |||
Disability, degree | GPR+ AF | 36.3 ± 6.1 | 19.3 ± 6 | 46.8% ↓ | 0.98 (0.6 to 2.45) | 0.01‡ | F = 24.33 P = 0.01Ω | 0.001* 0.031¥ 0.037Ф |
GPR alone | 34 ± 6.6 | 28.5 ± 5.3 | 16.2% ↓ | 0.56 (0.38 to 1.27) | 0.04‡ | |||
Control | 37 ± 7.4 | 39.3 ± 6.4 | 2.5% ↑ | − 0.04 (− 0.01 to 0.55) | 0.41 | |||
FHP, degree | GPR+ AF | 38.5 ± 4.3 | 42.1 ± 3.6 | 9.3% ↑ | − 0.68 (− 1.9 to − 0.22) | 0.02‡ | F = 18.83 P = 0.02Ω | 0.001* 0.021¥ 0.047Ф |
GPR alone | 38.9 ± 3.3 | 40.9 ± 2.4 | 5.1% ↑ | − 0.56 (− 1.64 to − 0.39) | 0.03‡ | |||
Control | 39.8 ± 2.4 | 39.4 ± 2.7 | 1% ↓ | − 0.09 (− 0.06 to 1.01) | 0.36 | |||
Endurance, scale | GPR+ AF | 49.5 ± 12.8 | 60.2 ± 17.6 | 21.6% ↑ | − 0.75 (− 1.27 to − 0.11) | 0.01‡ | F = 14.65 P = 0.03Ω | 0.001* 0.001¥ 0.039Ф |
GPR alone | 58 ± 16.8 | 66.7 ± 15.3 | 15% ↑ | − 0.46 (− 0.91 to − 0.04) | 0.02‡ | |||
Control | 46.9 ± 10.5 | 46.3 ± 9.3 | 1.3% ↓ | 0.04 (− 0.06 to 1.01) | 0.67 | |||
Quality of life, scale | GPR+ AF | 69.1 ± 4.0 | 78.5 ± 3.6 | 13.6% ↑ | − 0.77 (− 1.9 to − 0.22) | 0.03‡ | F = 11.67 P = 0.03Ω | 0.001* 0.009¥ |
GPR alone | 69.2 ± 4.5 | 77.5 ± 5.5 | 12% ↑ | − 0.76 (− 1.64 to − 0.39) | 0.03‡ | |||
Control | 69.8 ± 6 | 71.6 ± 7.7 | 2.6% ↑ | − 0.11 (− 0.09 to 0.68) | 0.53 | |||