Table 1 Eligibility criteria
Criterion | Method |
|---|---|
Inclusion criteria | |
 Age 18–75 years | Interview |
 Hypertension diagnosis | RRA; Diagnosis code 401.9 |
 Prescription within a 12-month period of the following: zolpidem, zaleplon, eszopiclone, triazolam, or temazepama | RRA; Name-brand or generic |
 Prescription within a 12-month period, with instructions to take at bedtime, of the following: trazodone, doxepin, amitriptyline, lorazepam, clonazepama | RRA; Name-brand or generic |
 DSM-5 insomnia diagnosisa | Diagnosis codes 307.42, 307.47, or 780.52, or listed in chart’s ‘problem list’; verified with structured interview |
 At least moderate insomnia severity: Score ≥ 8 on Insomnia Severity Index [59] | Telephone questionnaire |
 Telephone, email address, reliable Internet access | Interview |
 Stable medical, psychiatric condition; no hospitalizations in 3 months | Interview |
Exclusion criteria | |
 Untreated current major depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10; GAD-7 score ≥ 10); patients using stable (3 months) medication or psychological treatment are eligible | |
 Bipolar disorder | RRA with diagnosis code 296.8, or Interview |
 Dementia, probable dementia, or mild cognitive impairment | RRA with diagnosis codes 290.XX-294.xx or 331.83, and Telephone Montreal Cognitive Assessment [93] |
 Substance use disorders within the past 3 months | Diagnosis codes 291.XX, 292.XX, 303.XX-305.XX, and NIDA Quick Screen [63] |
 Schizophrenia or psychotic disorder | RRA with diagnosis codes 293.XX-298.XX and Interview |
 Treatment with lithium or antipsychotic medication | RRA and electronic health record review; Indicates likely diagnosis of bipolar disorder or psychotic disorder |
 Active suicidal ideation or psychosis | DSM-5 Dimensional Symptom Assessment [94] |
 Severe obstructive sleep apnea (Apnea Hypopnea Index > 50 or oxyhemoglobin saturation < 85% for > 5% of the night) | Screening assessment for sleep disorders; ApneaLink Plus |
 Untreated and severe insufficient sleep syndrome, delayed sleep phase syndrome (habitual bedtimes later than 2:00 a.m., habitual waketimes later than 9:00 a.m.), narcolepsy, severe restless legs syndrome, and current night shift work (i.e., any work occurring between the hours of midnight and 6:00 a.m.) | Screening assessment for sleep disorders |
 Plans to move or leave present source of care during the following year | Interview |
 Non-English speaking, illiterate, or sensory deficits | Interview |