Quantity, topics, methods and findings of randomised controlled trials published by German university departments of general practice – systematic review

Heinmüller, Stefan; Schneider, Antonius; Linde, Klaus

doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1328-y

Trials

Table 4 Effect size estimates

From: Quantity, topics, methods and findings of randomised controlled trials published by German university departments of general practice – systematic review

First author, year	Outcome used for effect size estimation	SMD	LL	UL
Cluster-randomised trials
Altiner, 2007	Frequency of antibiotic prescription	0.30	0.14	0.46
Becker, 2010	Functional capacity 6 (group 1 vs. controls)	0.15	0.01	0.29
Becker, 2010	Functional capacity 6 (group 2 vs. controls)	0.11	−0.03	0.25
Erler, 2012	Number of patients with inadequate prescriptions	0.23	−0.11	0.56
Gensichen, 2009	Depression scores	0.22	0.05	0.38
Krones, 2008	Patient participation and satisfaction score	0.23	0.10	0.35
Peters-Klimm, 2009	Quality of life physical function	−0.17	−0.50	0.16
Rosemann, 2007	Arthritis impact, lower body (group 1 vs. controls)	0.08	−0.09	0.25
Rosemann, 2007	Arthritis impact, lower body (group 2 vs. controls)	0.17	0.00	0.34
Szecsenyi, 2012	Number of patients reaching treatment targets	0.01	−0.04	0.07
Tinsel, 2013	Shared decision-making score	0.07	−0.06	0.20
Vollmar, 2007	Institutionalisation (group 1 vs. controls)	0.08	−0.24	0.41
Vollmar, 2007	Institutionalisation (group 2 vs. controls)	−0.07	−0.38	0.25
Vormfelde, 2014	Knowledge scores anticoagulant treatment	0.63	0.41	0.85
Freiberger, 2013	Mobility	0.27	0.05	0.49
Mehring, 2013	Weight reduction	0.60	0.27	0.92
Mehring, 2014	Smoking cessation	0.08	−0.61	0.77
Vollmar, 2010	Knowledge gain	0.02	−0.28	0.33
Randomised trials investigating specific treatments
Bücker, 2010	Functional capacity	0.28	−0.10	0.66
Peters-Klimm, 2010	Quality of life physical functioning	−0.04	−0.38	0.31
Bleidorn, 2010^a	No symptom resolution	0.15	−0.37	0.68
du Moulin, 2009	6-minute walk test	1.03	0.10	1.97
Frese, 2012	Death	0.14	0.05	0.22
Gastpar, 2003	Anxiety scores	0.15	−0.18	0.48
Hensler, 2009	Illness duration	0.05	−0.32	0.41
Jobst, 2005^a	Illness days	0.02	−0.42	0.46
Klein, 2013	Mobility restriction, neck	0.24	−0.27	0.74
Schencking, 2013	Pain (group 1 vs. controls)	0.20	−0.68	1.08
Schencking, 2013	Pain (group 2 vs. controls)	0.10	−0.78	0.97
Randomised trials on other topics
Bergold, 2013	Knowledge of EBM	0.76	0.38	1.14
Blank, 2013	Score for clinical examination quality	1.16	0.58	1.74
Butzlaff, 2004	Knowledge gain	0.11	−0.43	0.65
Hoffmann, 2014	Error management	−0.06	−0.57	0.45
Müller-Bühl, 2011	Number of missing items	0.25	−0.02	0.52

SMD standardised mean difference, LL lower limit of the 95 % confidence interval, UL upper limit of the 95 % confidence interval
^aStudies comparing two active treatments (equivalence or non-inferiority trials)
Data are presented as standardised mean differences with 95 % confidence intervals. Negative values indicate better outcomes in the intervention group.
See Additional file 1 for references

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