Peer volunteers in an integrative pain management program for frail older adults with chronic pain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Table 1 Integrated pain management program (IPMP)

Week	Session 1			Session 2
	(research assistant and peer volunteers)			(peer volunteers only)
	Interactive teaching and sharing	Exercise	Entry	Revision	Exercise	Entry
	Interactive teaching and sharing	(20 minutes)	(10 minutes)	(30 minutes)	(20 minutes)	(10 minutes)
	(30 minutes)	(20 minutes)	(10 minutes)	(30 minutes)	(20 minutes)	(10 minutes)
1	Introduction on pain	Deep breathing	Research assistant and PVs will work together with the participants to make entries in the ‘I can do it’ booklet on the activity of the day.	PVs will use the ‘I can do it’ booklet to review the content taught in the previous session and continue any remaining arts and crafts activities.	Deep breathing	PVs will work together with the participants to make entries into the ‘I can do it’ booklet on the activity of the day.
	Impact of pain
	Drug therapy
2	Hot pad and cold pad	Relaxation exercise			Relaxation exercise
3	Music therapy	Warm-up exercise			Warm-up exercise
4	Massage	Shoulder and neck exercise			Shoulder and neck exercise
5	Use of five sensations as nondrug therapies: making a photo album	Lower arm exercise			Lower arm exercise
6	Use of five sensations as nondrug therapies: making a bag of dried flowers	Towel dancing			Towel dancing
7	Use of five sensations as nondrug therapies: tasting of tea	Towel dancing			Towel dancing
8	Wrapped up	Whole body exercise			Whole body exercise

ISSN: 1745-6215