Table 1 Techniques designed to promote self-efficacy

Performance accomplishment

In this study, participants will be assisted to achieve incremental mastery over manageable tasks, which could in turn increase their willingness to engage in other self-care behaviours.

Vicarious experience

Participants in this study will observe the nurse modelling skills so that the can learn the steps required to complete a specific task.

Verbal persuasion

The nurse will build the patient’s confidence and provide encouragement, as there is evidence that people who are persuaded that they possess the requisite skills to master a challenge are more likely to apply greater effort than those who receive information alone, especially if the information comes from a credible source.

Attention to physiological states

Anxiety affects patients’ attitudes about their ability to deal with problems and reduces performance, so relaxation and other techniques will be used to reduce physiological arousal.