Table 2 Assessment instruments and procedures
Time | Instruments | Detailed description |
|---|---|---|
First visit/baseline 1 | EQ-5D | Self-rated health [38] |
MPI-S | ||
NRS-11 | ||
Descriptive data (subject) | Pregnancy (yes/no) | |
Year of birth | ||
Pain in low back (yes/no) | ||
Pain in leg (yes, thigh only/yes, thigh and shin/no) | ||
Previously visited chiropractor (no/yes, more than 3 months ago/yes, less than 3 months ago) | ||
Past episodes of LBP (yes/no) | ||
Days in total with LBP during past year (<30/≥30) | ||
Pain in cervical or thoracic spine (no/yes, ≥30 days past year/yes, <30 days past year) | ||
Access to mobile phone (yes/no) | ||
Ability to send SMS text messages (yes/no) | ||
Belief in chance of improvement by treatment (NRS-11 varying from no chance to very probable) | ||
Subjective perception of health in general (5-step scale, perfect, very good, good, fair, poor) | ||
Baseline 2, fourth visit or earlier if indicated | NRS-11 | |
Descriptive data (subject) | Subjective perception of health in general (5-step scale, perfect, very good, good, fair, poor) | |
Descriptive data (clinician) | Clinician’s expectations concerning the response to preventive treatment | |
Study start (When next visit can be scheduled at least one month ahead) | RMDQ | Self-rated disability [40] |
Descriptive data (subject) | Sex (man/woman) | |
Year of birth | ||
Profession (physically heavy labor/interchanging between heavy and light/ standing and walking/sitting) | ||
Self-reported work absence | Sick leave during past year (no/yes, 1–7 days in total/yes, 8–14 days in total/yes, ≥15 days in total) | |
Descriptive data (clinician) | Type of treatment so far (manipulation, mobilization, activator, drop/soft tissue treatment/information, recommendations/other, as described by the chiropractor) | |
Number of treatments during the past episode | ||
Random allocation | ||
Study period | Weekly data collection for 52 weeks collected with SMS (text messages) | “How many days during the previous week has your low back pain been bothersome (i.e., affected your daily activities or routines)? Please answer with a number between 0 and 7” (requiring an answer between 0–7, sent in a reply text message [35, 36]) |
Follow-up after 12 months | EQ-5D | Self-rated health [38] |
RMDQ | Self-rated disability [40] | |
NRS-11 | ||
Descriptive data (subject) | Other treatment in the past year? If yes, which type (physiotherapist, other chiropractor, medical doctor, medication, other)?/No | |
Treatment value: considering economy, time consumption, LBP, function, quality of life, is the treatment worth continuing with? (5-step scale, definitely worth it, possibly worth it, equivocal, hardly worth it, definitely not worth it) | ||
Subjective perception of health in general (5-step scale, perfect, very good, good, fair, poor) | ||
Self-reported work absence | Sick leave during past year (no/yes, 1–7 days in total/yes, 8–14 days in total/yes, ≥15 days in total) | |
Modified WPAI-LBP | Work productivity (How much has your low back pain affected your productivity during the past month, while at work? NRS-11 varying from LBP did not affect my work to LBP completely prevented me from working) | |
Descriptive data (clinician) | Number of treatments including date | |
Type of treatment so far (manipulation, mobilization, activator, drop/soft tissue treatment/information, recommendations/other, as described by the chiropractor) | ||
Reported side-effects (local soreness, fatigue, new radiating pain, other) including duration | ||