Table 1 Study inclusion and exclusion criteria

Unilateral zygomatic fracture

Complex midfacial fracture

Combination of infraorbital approach, eyebrow and buccal sulcus incision

Panfacial fracture

Osteosynthesis using 2.0 mm and 1.5 mm plates (Stryker)

Polytrauma

Plating along frontozygomatic suture, infraorbital margin and zygomatico maxillary buttress

Infected fractures

Age between 18 and 79 years

Pathological fractures

Written informed consent

Missing operability

Potential to miss the follow-up examination

Pregnancy

Heart, pulmonary, liver and kidney disease, chronic pain syndrome

Drug addiction

Recent operations,

Diseases affecting metabolism, central nervous system, infectious, circulation, systemic, malignant and immune system

Blood coagulation disorders

Allergic reactions to pharmaceuticals and antibiotics

Dermatological diseases of the face

Raynaud´s phenomenon