From: What is the role and authority of gatekeepers in cluster randomized trials in health research?
Setting | Country | Cluster type | Level of intervention | Individual consent reported | Gatekeeper | Gatekeeper role | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Athletic organizations | Norway | Sports clubs | Cluster | No | Coaches | Agreement to participatea | [12] |
Netherlands | Geographic regions | Individual | No | Coaches | Consentb | [13] | |
Canada | Athletic teams | Individual | Yes | Head athletic therapist, trainer or sports medicine physician | Identification of cluster members | [14] | |
Communities | USA | Cities | Cluster | No | Community medical leaders | Permission to randomize | [15] |
USA | Rural communities | Cluster | Yes | Community advisory board | Cluster consultation | [16] | |
Bulgaria | Social circles | Individual | Yes | Index memberc | Identification of cluster members | [17] | |
Gambia | Geographic areas/districts | Individual | Yes | Community leaders | Cluster permission | [18] | |
Tanzania | Residential areas (Bazoli) | Cluster | Yes | Tanzania Institute for Medical Research | Protocol approval | [19] | |
India | Villages | Individual | Yes | Local health system and community leaders | Cluster consultation; agreement to participatea | [20] | |
Uganda | Villages | Individual | Yes | Local government authorities and local leaders | Protocol approval | [21] | |
Health centers | USA | Health centers | Individual | Yes | Practicing internists | Identification of cluster members; permission to approach cluster members | [22] |
UK | Primary-care practices | Cluster/ Individual | Yes | Primary-care trust administrative authority | Protocol approval | [23] | |
UK | Primary-care practice locations | Cluster | Yes | General practitioners | Identification of cluster members; permission to approach cluster members | [24] | |
UK | Midwives | Individual | Yes | NHS trustsd | Agreement to participatea | [25] | |
Nursing homes | Canada | Nursing homes | Individual | Yes | Management | Not applicablee | [26] |
Australia | Nursing homes | Individual | Yes | Director of nursing | Not applicablef | [27] | |
UK | Nursing homes | Individual | Yes | Management | Agreement to participatea | [28] | |
New Zealand | Wards within nursing homes | Individual | Yes | Senior management | Consentb | [29] | |
Schools | Germany | Classrooms | Cluster | Yes | Responsible local governments | Agreement to participatea | [30] |
Belgium | Classrooms | Cluster | No | Principals | Organizational permission | [31] | |
USA | Classrooms | Cluster | No | School districtg | Protocol approval | [32] | |
UK | Teachers | Individual | Yes | Principals | Organizational permission | [33] | |
Canada | Schools | Cluster | No | District principals | Proxy consent for cluster members | [34] | |
Work sites | Sweden | Work sites | Individual | No | Managers and human resources | Identification of cluster members; permission to randomize | [35] |
USA | Work sites | Cluster | No | Employee advisory board | Cluster consultation | [36] | |
USA | Fire stations | Individual | Yes | Department chiefs/ union representatives | Identification of cluster members; organizational permission | [37] | |
 | USA | Pools | Individual | Yes | Pool managers, community advisors, recreation leaders, pool directors | Cluster consultation | [38] |