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  1. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) is a mode of mechanical ventilation that delivers oxygen pressures in proportion to electrical signals of the diaphragm. The proportional assistance can be adjusted ...

    Authors: Grace Poole, Christopher Harris, Sandeep Shetty, Theodore Dassios, Allan Jenkinson and Anne Greenough
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:72

    The Correction to this article has been published in Trials 2024 25:109

  2. In mental health care, the number of patients with diverse cultural backgrounds is growing. Nevertheless, evaluated training programs for transcultural competence are missing. Barriers for engaging in transcul...

    Authors: Selina Studer, Maria Kleinstäuber, Ulrike von Lersner and Cornelia Weise
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:71
  3. Delamanid and bedaquiline are two of the most recently developed antituberculosis (TB) drugs that have been extensively studied in patients with multidrug-resistant TB. There is currently a need for more poten...

    Authors: Rodney Dawson, Andreas H. Diacon, Simbarashe Takuva, Yongge Liu, Bo Zheng, Vatsala Karwe and Jeffrey Hafkin
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:70
  4. The perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis with 1st or 2nd generation cephalosporins is evidence-based in orthopedic surgery. There are, however, situations with a high risk of prophylaxis-resistant surgical sit...

    Authors: Ilker Uçkay, Hagen Bomberg, Markus Risch, Daniel Müller, Michael Betz and Mazda Farshad
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:69
  5. Uterine leiomyomas are common for reproductive-aged women and affect women’s quality of life due to heavy menstrual bleeding or dysmenorrhea. Leiomyomas grow according to estradiol exposure and decrease after ...

    Authors: Naoki Kawahara, Ryuji Kawaguchi, Konosuke Yamamoto, Kyohei Nishikawa, Motoki Matsuoka, Tomoka Maehana, Yosuke Fukui, Shoichiro Yamanaka, Sumire Sugimoto, Kana Iwai, Yuki Yamada, Hiroyuki Kurakami, Takumi Hirata, Ryuzo Takashima, Shota Suzuki, Kiyoshi Asada…
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:68
  6. Mastectomies are commonly performed and strongly associated with chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP), more specifically termed postmastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS), with 25–60% of patients reporting pain 3 months ...

    Authors: Jing Wang, Lisa V. Doan, Deborah Axelrod, John Rotrosen, Binhuan Wang, Hyung G. Park, Robert R. Edwards, Michele Curatolo, Carina Jackman and Raven Perez
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:67
  7. Robotic-assisted bronchoscopy has recently emerged as an alternative to electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy for the evaluation of peripheral pulmonary lesions. While robotic-assisted bronchoscopy is prop...

    Authors: Rafael Paez, Robert J. Lentz, Cristina Salmon, Justin K. Siemann, See-Wei Low, Jonathan D. Casey, Heidi Chen, Sheau-Chiann Chen, Sameer Avasarala, Samira Shojaee, Otis B. Rickman, Christopher J. Lindsell, Cheryl L. Gatto, Todd W. Rice and Fabien Maldonado
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:66
  8. Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) surgery offers an effective option for coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with the avoidance of median sternotomy and fast postoperative recovery. ...

    Authors: Ling Xin, Lu Wang and Yi Feng
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:65
  9. Atelectasis after anesthesia induction in most patients undergoing general anesthesia may lead to postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and affect postoperative outcomes. However, there is still no exis...

    Authors: Di Zhang, Yi Liang, Di Bao, Wei Xiong, Lu Li, Yaxin Wang, Bin Liu and Xu Jin
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:64
  10. Rectovaginal fistula (RVF) is an abnormal channel formed by epithelial tissue between the anterior wall of the rectum and the posterior wall of the vagina, which manifests as vaginal gassing and defecation. It...

    Authors: Dao-xiong Ye, Sheng-hui Huang, Yu Lin, Ying-Huang and Pan Chi
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:63
  11. The Identifying Child Anxiety Through Schools-identification to intervention (iCATS-i2i) trial is being conducted to establish whether ‘screening and intervention’, consisting of usual school practice plus a p...

    Authors: Susan Ball, Tessa Reardon, Cathy Creswell, Lucy Taylor, Paul Brown, Tamsin Ford, Alastair Gray, Claire Hill, Bec Jasper, Michael Larkin, Ian Macdonald, Fran Morgan, Jack Pollard, Michelle Sancho, Falko F. Sniehotta, Susan H. Spence…
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:62
  12. Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare, chronic inflammatory disease of the liver. The treatment goal is reaching complete biochemical response (CR), defined as the normalisation of aspartate and alanine aminotr...

    Authors: Anna E. C. Stoelinga, Maarten E. Tushuizen, Wilbert B. van den Hout, Mar D. M. Rodriguez Girondo, Elsemieke S. de Vries, Amar D. Levens, Dirk-Jan A. R. Moes, Tom J. G. Gevers, Suzanne van der Meer, Hans T. Brouwer, Hendrik J. M. de Jonge, Ynte S. de Boer, Ulrich H. W. Beuers, Adriaan J. van der Meer, Aad P. van den Berg, Maureen M. J. Guichelaar…
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:61
  13. Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease, which is caused by the CFTR protein defects due to mutations in the CFTR gene. Along with CFTR dysfunction, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency plays a key role in persis...

    Authors: Mahsa Soleimanzadeh, Saeedeh Talebi, Mahmoud Reza Jaafari, Seyed Javad Sayedi, Maryam Emadzadeh and Hamid Reza Kianifar
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:60
  14. High ambient air temperatures in Africa pose significant health and behavioral challenges in populations with limited access to cooling adaptations. The built environment can exacerbate heat exposure, making p...

    Authors: Aditi Bunker, Guillaume Compoaré, Maquins Odhiambo Sewe, Jose Guillermo Cedeno Laurent, Pascal Zabré, Valentin Boudo, Windpanga Aristide Ouédraogo, Lucienne Ouermi, Susan T. Jackson, Nicholas Arisco, Govind Vijayakumar, Ferhat Baran Yildirim, Sandra Barteit, Martina Anna Maggioni, Alistair Woodward, Jonathan J. Buonocore…
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:59
  15. The current standard of care (SoC) for the initial treatment of unresectable or metastatic well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NET) requires initiation of first-generation so...

    Authors: Simron Singh, Diego Ferone, Jaume Capdevila, Jennifer Ang Chan, Wouter W. de Herder, Daniel Halperin, Josh Mailman, Lisa Hellström, Hanna Liedman, Agneta Svedberg and Fredrik Tiberg
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:58
  16. Patients with mental disorders have a higher prevalence of sleep problems than the general population. Sleep problems may include insomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, or hypersomnia. A transdiagnostic approac...

    Authors: Mette Kragh, Henny Dyrberg, Maria Speed, Pernille Pedersen, Sanne Toft Kristiansen and Klaus Martiny
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:57
  17. Glucocorticoids (GC) are the standard treatment for giant cell arteritis (GCA), even though they are associated with adverse side effects and high relapse rates. Tocilizumab (TCZ), an interleukin-6 receptor an...

    Authors: Lena Kreis, Christian Dejaco, Wolfgang Andreas Schmidt, Robert Németh, Nils Venhoff and Valentin Sebastian Schäfer
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:56
  18. Treating Helicobacter pylori is becoming increasingly difficult with the development of bacterial resistance to many established treatment regimens. As a result, researchers are constantly looking for novel and e...

    Authors: Marouf Alhalabi and Rasha Almokdad
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:55
  19. Although research on the implementation of evidence-based psychological treatments (EBPTs) has advanced rapidly, research on the sustainment of implemented EBPTs remains limited. This is concerning, given that...

    Authors: Laurel D. Sarfan, Emma R. Agnew, Marlen Diaz, Ashby Cogan, Julia M. Spencer, Rafael Esteva Hache, Shannon Wiltsey Stirman, Cara C. Lewis, Amy M. Kilbourne and Allison G. Harvey
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:54
  20. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the standard treatment for early gastric neoplasms (EGN). Controlling intraoperative bleeding is crucial for ensuring safe and reliable procedures. ESD using the spray...

    Authors: Kosuke Maehara, Mitsuru Esaki, Yorinobu Sumida, Daisuke Yamaguchi, Kei Nishioka, Hitoshi Homma, Taisuke Inada, Kazuo Shiotsuki, Shin-Ichiro Fukuda, Hirotada Akiho, Tadahiro Nomura, Yumi Mizuta, Satoshi Ishida, Shun Fujimoto, Shunichiro Kimura, Yuichiro Tanaka…
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:53
  21. For complete revascularization, patients with diffuse coronary artery disease should have a coronary endarterectomy and a coronary artery bypass graft (CE-CABG). Sadly, CE can lead to a lack of endothelium, wh...

    Authors: Liang Chen, Ming-Xin Gao, Xin Du, Chi Wang, Wen-Yuan Yu, Hong-Li Liu, Xiao-Hang Ding, Bo-Lin Wang, Kui Zhang, Dong Xu, Zhen Han, Bao-Dong Xie, Ran Dong and Yang Yu
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:52
  22. A single injection of local anaesthetic (LA) in the erector spinae plane block (ESPB) can reduce pain after modified radical mastectomy (MRM) surgery, but the duration of analgesia is affected by the duration ...

    Authors: Liang Yu, Xiao-Juan Shen, He Liu, Yu-Ting Zhou, Qin Zhang, Zhen-Duo Zhang and Shu-Min Shen
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:51
  23. Patients with intermediate and high-risk oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) have poorer response to standard treatment and poorer overall survival compared to low-risk OPC. CompARE is designed to test alternative appr...

    Authors: Hisham Mehanna, Piers Gaunt, Anthony Kong, Andrew Hartley, Paul Sanghera, Martin Forster, Mehmet Sen, Vinidh Paleri, Charles Fong, Dinos Geropantas, Devraj Srinivasan, Satya Garikipati, Rafael Moleron, Georgina Casswell, Eleanor Aynsley, Amy Ward…
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:50
  24. The management of small gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs) originating from the muscularis propria layer (SMT-MPs) remains a subject of debate. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is currently considered the ...

    Authors: Mingfeng Liu, Rui Yuan, Ke Zhan, Yichun Yang, Shan Li and Liang Deng
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:49
  25. Vitreous floaters are a common ocular condition that affects individuals of all ages. Although vitreous floaters are typically benign, they can significantly impair visual acuity and quality of life. Laser vit...

    Authors: Zhou Hangshuai, Jin Yanhua, Zhou Yao, Zhao Guangjin, Wu Hongyan and Chen Fanlian
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:48
  26. Patients with hematological malignancies received multiple hypodermic injections of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Procedural pain is one of the most common iatrogenic causes of pain ...

    Authors: Jun-Jun Zhang, Ping Yu, Hui Dang, Cheng-Shuang Feng, Xiu-Jiang Long, Wen-Fa Huang, Lei Wang, Jie-Ling Li, Guo-Liang Tian, Jia-Quan Wen, Jun-Hui Mei and Yu-Xiang Li
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:47
  27. Children in Malawi face high rates of malnutrition and are at risk of not reaching their developmental potential. Community-based childcare centres (CBCCs) can be cost-effective platforms for scaling-up early ...

    Authors:
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:46
  28. Combined antihypertensive therapy has obvious advantages over single drug therapy. Hypertension guidelines fully affirm the efficacy of dual combination in initial antihypertensive therapy. Recent studies have...

    Authors: Xiexiong Zhao, Xingli Li, Tao Liu, Guoping Yang, Ye Chen, Miao Huang, Lin Zhao, Xiaogang Li and Weihong Jiang
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:45
  29. Anhedonia, which is defined as the inability to feel pleasure, is considered a core symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD). It can lead to several adverse outcomes in adolescents, including heightened dise...

    Authors: Runxin Lv, Min Cai, Nailong Tang, Yifan Shi, Yuyu Zhang, Nian Liu, Tianle Han, Yaochi Zhang and Huaning Wang
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:44
  30. Patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) suffer from repetitive fearful intrusions which they try to neutralize by performing compulsions. OCD is considered to be the most resistant anxiety disorder w...

    Authors: Elena Hoogerwerf, Anja Greeven, Rutger Goekoop and Philip Spinhoven
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:43
  31. Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is a major part of the treatment for hemifacial microsomia patients. Due to the narrow surgical field of the intraoral approach, osteotomy accuracy is highly dependent...

    Authors: Xiangqi Liu, Ziwei Zhang, Wenqing Han, Zhijie Zhao, Byeong Seop Kim, Yingjie Yan, Xiaojun Chen, Xuetong Wang, Xin Li, Xianxian Yang, Bingshun Wang, Haisong Xu, Li Lin and Gang Chai
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:42
  32. Early palliative/pre-emptive intervention improves clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients with metastatic cancer. A previous signal-seeking randomized controlled trial (RCT) demonstrated that early...

    Authors: Robert J. Rothrock, Ahmad Ozair, Maria C. Avendano, Susana Herrera, Haley Appel, Suyen Ramos, Amy K. Starosciak, Daniel S. Leon-Ariza, Muni Rubens, Michael W. McDermott, Manmeet S. Ahluwalia, Minesh P. Mehta and Rupesh R. Kotecha
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:41
  33. A growing body of literature indicates that adolescent girls who talk with close friends about interpersonal problems or worries in an excessive, speculative way, and with an intense focus on distress (i.e., co-r...

    Authors: Patricia Vuijk, Kim Bul, Marieke Buil, Marloes Rauws, Keshia Curie, Charlotte Amesz, Ron Weerheijm and Heleen Riper
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:40
  34. In February 2021, the UK Department of Health and Social Care sought evidence on the safety and immunogenicity of COVID-19 and influenza vaccine co-administration to inform the 2021/2022 influenza vaccine poli...

    Authors: Sarah Baos, Rachel Todd, Russell Thirard, Rosie Harris, Jana Kirwan, Katherine Joyce, David Hutton, Adam Finn, Madeleine Clout, Heike Cappel-Porter, Chris A Rogers, Rajeka Lazarus and Lucy Culliford
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:39
  35. Adequately selecting the initial follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) dose during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) is key for success in assisted reproduction. The objective of COS is to obtain an optimal nu...

    Authors: Nuria Correa, Jesus Cerquides, Josep Lluis Arcos, Rita Vassena and Mina Popovic
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:38
  36. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed to manage anxiety in adults with an autism diagnosis. However, their effectiveness and adverse effect profile in the autistic population ...

    Authors: Dheeraj Rai, Doug Webb, Amanda Lewis, Leonora Cotton, Jade Eloise Norris, Regi Alexander, David S. Baldwin, Traolach Brugha, Madeleine Cochrane, Maria Chiara Del Piccolo, Emma J. Glasson, Katherine K. Hatch, David Kessler, Peter E. Langdon, Helen Leonard, Stephanie J. MacNeill…
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:37
  37. Authors: Annie O’Brien, Suzanne Hamilton, Neil Humphrey, Pamela Qualter, Jan R. Boehnke, Joao Santos, Ola Demkowicz, Margarita Panayiotou, Alex Thompson, Jennifer Lau, Lauren Burke and Yizhuo Lu
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:36

    The original article was published in Trials 2023 24:703

  38. In-stent reocclusion after endovascular therapy has a negative impact on outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to tandem lesions (TL). Optimal antiplatelet therapy approach in these patients to avoid in-...

    Authors: Elena Zapata-Arriaza, Manuel Medina-Rodríguez, Francisco Moniche Álvarez, Asier de Albóniga-Chindurza, Marta Aguilar-Pérez, Leire Ainz-Gómez, Pablo Baena-Palomino, Aynara Zamora, Blanca Pardo-Galiana, Fernando Delgado-Acosta, Roberto Valverde Moyano, Elvira Jiménez-Gómez, Isabel Bravo Rey, Rafael Oteros Fernández, Irene Escudero-Martínez, Isabel Vielba-Gomez…
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:35
  39. Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in the USA and is a major cause of serious disability for adults. This randomized crossover study examines the effect of targeted high-definition transcranial direc...

    Authors: Rita Huan-Ting Peng, Dorothy He, Shirley A. James, Jordan N. Williamson, Carly Skadden, Sanjiv Jain, Wael Hassaneen, Amrendra Miranpuri, Amandeep Kaur, Jesus N. Sarol and Yuan Yang
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:34
  40. Patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) have a high restenosis rate, which increases the risk of stroke, and there is still a lack of effective treatment for restenosis. The cause of stenosis is relat...

    Authors: Zhi Zhang, Xiang Ji, Yihao Tao, Ning Huang, Rong Wen, Jun Tang, Yuan Cheng, Zongyi Xie, Guodong Liu and Guanjian Zhao
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:33
  41. Research on intermittent fasting has shown that it can improve a variety of health outcomes, including blood sugar control, blood lipid levels and blood pressure. Only few studies document longer periods of fa...

    Authors: Claudia Pieper, Florian Tim Hitesh Kaistha, Sarah Schroeer, Maria Borgert, Andreas Michalsen and Wolfgang Mayer-Berger
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:32
  42. The spleen plays a significant role in the clearance of circulating microorganisms. Sequelae of splenectomy, especially immunodeficiency, can have a deleterious effect on a patient’s health and even lead to de...

    Authors: Mohammed Abu Hilal, Christoph Kuemmerli, Jasper P. Sijberden, Alma Moekotte, Giuseppe Zimmitti, Adnan Alseidi, Horacio J. Asbun, Ravi Marudanayagam, Morgan Bonds, Filipe Kunzler, Robert Sutcliffe, Efrem Eren, John N. Primrose and Anthony P. Williams
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:31
  43. Admission criteria that treat children with low mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC), and low weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) are not aligned with the evidence on which children are at risk of mortality. An analysi...

    Authors: Suvi T. Kangas, Césaire T. Ouédraogo, Moctar Tounkara, Bareye Ouoluoguem, Issa Niamanto Coulibaly, Alhousseyni Haidara, Niele Hawa Diarra, Koniba Diassana, Zachary Tausanovitch, Christian Ritz, Jonathan C. Wells, André Briend, Mark Myatt, Elizabeth Radin and Jeanette Bailey
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:30
  44. This protocol paper presents an updated statistical analysis plan of the protocol of a randomised controlled trial. The randomised controlled trial investigates the effect of integrating smoking cessation inte...

    Authors: Karl Trygve Druckrey-Fiskaaen, Tesfaye Madebo, Jan Tore Daltveit, Jørn Henrik Vold, Einar Furulund, Torgeir Gilje Lid and Lars Thore Fadnes
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:29

    The Study protocol to this article has been published in Trials 2022 23:663

  45. Globally, women with disabilities are less likely to have access to family planning services compared to their peers without disabilities. However, evidence of effective interventions for promoting their sexua...

    Authors: Sarah Marks, Ekundayo Arogundade, Mark T. Carew, Shanquan Chen, Lena Morgon Banks, Hannah Kuper, Femi Adegoke and Calum Davey
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:28
  46. The gliding surface of total knee endoprostheses is exposed to high loads due to patient weight and activity. These implant components are typically manufactured from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (...

    Authors: Kristin Maier, Marius Selig, Andréa Haddouche, Martin Haunschild, Oliver Hauschild, Iman Khalili, Julia Kirschberg, Christoph Lutter, Michael Menges, Patrice Mertl, Andreas Niemeier, Brice Rubens-Duval and Wolfram Mittelmeier
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:27
  47. Motivation and a therapeutic alliance are crucial for successful therapy. It is assumed that dogs can increase motivation and help support therapeutic relationships. This is one of the reasons for including do...

    Authors: Wanda Arnskötter, Suzanne Martin, Susanne Walitza and Karin Hediger
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:26
  48. Entecavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) are standard first-line treatments to prevent viral reactivation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in individuals chronically infected with the hepatitis B vi...

    Authors: Li-Xin Pan, Yi-Yang Wang, Zhong-Hai Li, Jia-Xi Luo, Kun-Jun Wu, Zhen-Xiu Liu, Pei-Sheng Wu, Kang Chen, Liang Ma, Xiao-Hui Fan and Jian-Hong Zhong
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:25
  49. Tussis, which increases the incidence of airway spasm, aspiration, nausea, and vomiting, is a common complication faced during upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. However, sedatives and analgesics exhibit i...

    Authors: Hai-jun Hou, Lu Liu, Ming Tian and Fu-shan Xue
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:24
  50. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by difficulty paying attention, poor impulse control, and hyperactive behavior. It is associated with several adverse health and social outcomes...

    Authors: Stéphanie Baggio, Joël Billieux, Anja Dirkzwager, Katia Iglesias, Karine Moschetti, Nader Perroud, Marie Schneider, Nathalie Vernaz, Hans Wolff and Patrick Heller
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:23

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