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  1. The Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) 004 trial demonstrated a 39% reduction in HIV infection, with a 54% HIV reduction in women who used tenofovir gel consistently. A confirm...

    Authors: Leila E Mansoor, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Kathryn T Mngadi, Sarah Dlamini, Carl Montague, Nelisiwe Nkomonde, Nomzamo Mvandaba, Cheryl Baxter, Tanuja N Gengiah, Natasha Samsunder, Halima Dawood, Anneke Grobler, Janet A Frohlich and Salim S Abdool Karim
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:496
  2. Probably related to immune dysfunction, psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic, painful, disfiguring and disabling dermatological disease, carrying an increased risk of serious comorbidities. Current conventional the...

    Authors: Shefton Parker, Anthony Lin Zhang, Claire Shuiqing Zhang, Greg Goodman, Zehuai Wen, Chuanjian Lu and Charlie Changlie Xue
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:495
  3. Socially disadvantaged men are at a substantially higher risk of developing alcohol-related problems. The frequency of heavy drinking in a single session is high among disadvantaged men. Brief alcohol interven...

    Authors: Iain K Crombie, Linda Irvine, Brian Williams, Falko F Sniehotta, Dennis Petrie, Josie MM Evans, Carol Emslie, Claire Jones, Ian W Ricketts, Gerry Humphris, John Norrie, Peter Rice and Peter W Slane
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:494
  4. Patients with chronic severe asthma (CSA) have a crippling disease and current available treatments are not satisfactory. Thus, management of CSA remains a major unmet need. Although the evidence from existing...

    Authors: Riccardo Polosa, Salvatore Bellinvia, Massimo Caruso, Rosalia Emma, Angela Alamo, Marek Leszek Kowalski and Christian Domingo
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:492
  5. According to the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), the term temporomandibular disorder (TMD) regards a subgroup of orofacial pain, the symptoms of which include pain or discomfort in the ...

    Authors: Carolina Marciela Herpich, Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior, Ana Paula Amaral, Juliana de Paiva Tosato, Igor Phillip dos Santos Glória, Marília Barbosa Santos Garcia, Bruno Roberto Borges Barbosa, Yasmin El Hage, Éric Edmur Camargo Arruda, Cid Ándre Fidelis de Paula Gomes, Monique Sampaio Rodrigues, Dowglas Fernando Magalhães de Sousa, Paulo de Tarso Camillo de Carvalho, Sandra Kalil Bussadori, Tabajara de Oliveira Gonzalez, Fabiano Politti…
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:491
  6. Chronic low back pain (LBP) and neck pain (NP) are highly prevalent conditions resulting in high economic costs. Treatment guidelines recommend relaxation techniques, such as progressive muscle relaxation, as ...

    Authors: Susanne Blödt, Daniel Pach, Stephanie Roll and Claudia M Witt
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:490
  7. Adequate monitoring tools are required to optimise the immunosuppressive therapy of an individual patient. Particularly, in calcineurin inhibitors, as critical dose drugs with a narrow therapeutic range, the o...

    Authors: Claudia Sommerer, Matthias Schaier, Christian Morath, Vedat Schwenger, Geraldine Rauch, Thomas Giese and Martin Zeier
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:489
  8. Medication regimens for asthma are particularly vulnerable to adherence problems because of the requirement for long-term use and periods of symptom remission experienced by patients. Pharmacists are suited to...

    Authors: Mary A De Vera, Mohsen Sadatsafavi, Nicole W Tsao, Larry D Lynd, Richard Lester, Louise Gastonguay, Jessica Galo, J Mark FitzGerald, Penelope Brasher and Carlo A Marra
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:488
  9. Huntington’s disease (HD) is a complex, single-gene inherited neurodegenerative condition resulting in symptoms that occur across a wide range of neurological domains, including cognitive, behavioral and motor...

    Authors: Monica Busse, Lori Quinn, Helen Dawes, Carys Jones, Mark Kelson, Vincent Poile, Rob Trubey, Julia Townson, Rhiannon Tudor Edwards, Anne Rosser and Kerenza Hood
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:487
  10. Inhaled nitric oxide (INO), a selective pulmonary vasodilator, has revolutionized the treatment of neonatal hypoxemic respiratory failure (NHRF). However, there is lack of sustained improvement in 30 to 46% of...

    Authors: Beena G Sood, Martin Keszler, Meena Garg, Jonathan M Klein, Robin Ohls, Namasivayam Ambalavanan, C Michael Cotten, Monica Malian, Pablo J Sanchez, Satyan Lakshminrusimha, Leif D Nelin, Krisa P Van Meurs, Rebecca Bara, Shampa Saha, Abhik Das, Dennis Wallace…
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:486
  11. Challenging behaviors exhibited by individuals with dementia might result from an unmet need that they cannot communicate directly due to cognitive restrictions. A dementia-specific case conference represents ...

    Authors: Daniela Holle, Martina Roes, Ines Buscher, Sven Reuther, René Müller and Margareta Halek
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:485
  12. As the second commonest cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide, stroke has greatly influenced patients’ quality of life and created a huge public health burden. As a special form of physical ...

    Authors: Yong Zhang, Hongwei Liu, Li Zhou, Kai Chen, He Jin, Yihuai Zou and Zongheng Li
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:484
  13. Fluid removal during dialysis, also known as ultrafiltration (UF), leads to intradialytic hypotension (IDH) in a significant number of patients treated with hemodialysis (HD) and is associated with an increase...

    Authors: Kelvin CW Leung, Robert R Quinn, Pietro Ravani and Jennifer M MacRae
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:483
  14. High levels of emotional distress in cancer patients often goes unnoticed in daily clinical routine, resulting in severe undertreatment of mental health problems in this patient group. Screening tools can be u...

    Authors: Susanne Singer, Helge Danker, Susanne Briest, Arne Dietrich, Andreas Dietz, Jens Einenkel, Kirsten Papsdorf, Florian Lordick, Jürgen Meixensberger, Joachim Mössner, Dietger Niederwieser, Torsten Prietzel, Franziska Schiefke, Jens-Uwe Stolzenburg, Hubert Wirtz and Anette Kersting
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:482
  15. Historically controlled studies are commonly undertaken in paediatric oncology, despite their potential biases. Our aim was to compare the outcome of the control group in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in...

    Authors: Veronica Moroz, Jayne S Wilson, Pamela Kearns and Keith Wheatley
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:481
  16. A 2011 Cochrane Review found that adequately randomized trials sometimes revealed larger, sometimes smaller, and often similar effect sizes to inadequately randomized trials. However, they found no average sta...

    Authors: Jeremy Howick and Alexander Mebius
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:480
  17. Chronic kidney disease is a common disease. Most chronic kidney diseases evolve from primary glomerulonephritis. Proteinuria is an independent risk factor for the progression of chronic kidney disease. The gen...

    Authors: Jia Kou, Jie Wu, Hong-tao Yang, Ya-ni He, Jing-ai Fang, Yue-yi Deng, Yuan-sheng Xie, Li-fang Nie, Hong-li Lin, Guang-yan Cai and Xiang-mei Chen
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:479
  18. Myopia is a public health problem worldwide and its incidence increases with age. The use of acupuncture to treat myopia is a common practice in China, however, the use of acupuncture to treat myopia is disput...

    Authors: Yan Wang, Yun-xian Gao, Qi Sun, Qian Bu, Jing Shi, Ya-ni Zhang, Qin Xu, Yan Ji, Min Tong and Guang-li Jiang
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:477
  19. Despite the laparoscopic approach becoming the standard in colorectal surgery, postoperative pain management for minimally invasive surgery is still mainly based on strategies that have been established for op...

    Authors: Geertrui Dewinter, Marc Van de Velde, Steffen Fieuws, Andre D’Hoore and Steffen Rex
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:476
  20. Trauma such as hip fracture initiates a neurohumoral stress response that changes the balance between anabolism and catabolism resulting in muscle breakdown and reduced mobilisation. Various studies have demon...

    Authors: Iain K Moppett, Paul L Greenhaff, Ben J Ollivere, Theophillus Joachim, Dileep N Lobo and Martin Rowlands
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:475
  21. Untreated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is linked to poor prognosis. While sorafenib is the current recommended treatment for advanced HCC, radioembolisation (RE; also called selective internal radia...

    Authors: Valérie Vilgrain, Mohamed Abdel-Rehim, Annie Sibert, Maxime Ronot, Rachida Lebtahi, Laurent Castéra and Gilles Chatellier
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:474
  22. The incidence of chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM), heart failure (HF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is on the rise. The existing health care system must evolve to meet the ...

    Authors: Ian R Drennan, Katie N Dainty, Paul Hoogeveen, Clare L Atzema, Norm Barrette, Gillian Hawker, Jeffrey S Hoch, Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai, Jane Philpott, Chris Spearen, Walter Tavares, Linda Turner, Melissa Farrell, Tom Filosa, Jennifer Kane, Alex Kiss…
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:473
  23. With a prevalence of 3 to 8% among women of reproductive age, severe premenstrual symptoms are very common. Symptoms range from emotional and cognitive to physical changes. Severe symptoms (that is, premenstru...

    Authors: Johanna N Kues, Carolyn Janda, Maria Kleinstäuber and Cornelia Weise
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:472
  24. Children in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are burdened by significant unmet mental health needs, but this region has limited access to mental health workers and resources to address these needs. Despite the success...

    Authors: Keng-Yen Huang, Janet Nakigudde, Esther Calzada, Michael J Boivin, Gbenga Ogedegbe and Laurie Miller Brotman
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:471
  25. Over 50% of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) present with locoregionally advanced disease. Those at intermediate-to-high risk of recurrence after definitive therapy exhibit advanced ...

    Authors: Barbara Burtness, Jean P Bourhis, Jan B Vermorken, Kevin J Harrington and Ezra EW Cohen
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:469
  26. Uterine fibroids are the most common tumour in women of reproductive age. By the time they are 50-years-old around 80% of women will have developed one. Of these, around half will experience symptoms which wil...

    Authors: Klim McPherson, Isaac Manyonda, Mary-Ann Lumsden, Anna-Maria Belli, Jon Moss, Olivia Wu, Lee Middleton and Jane Daniels
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:468
  27. After the genocide in Rwanda, the country’s healthcare system collapsed. Remarkable gains have since been made by the state to provide greater clinical service capacity and expand health policies that are grou...

    Authors: Jeanine Condo, Brenda Kateera, Eugene Mutimura, Francine Birungi, Albert Ndagijimana, Stefan Jansen, Julius Kamwesiga, Jamie I Forrest, Edward J Mills and Agnes Binagwaho
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:467
  28. Chronic thoracic pain after cardiac surgery is prevalent (11 to 56%) and may affect patients’ physical and mental health status. Despite its favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, high doses...

    Authors: Sjoerd de Hoogd, Sabine JGM Ahlers, Eric PA van Dongen, Dick Tibboel, Albert Dahan and Catherijne AJ Knibbe
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:466
  29. Interest in improving care for the growing number of individuals with chronic conditions is rising. However, access to care is limited by distance, disability, and distribution of doctors. Small-scale studies ...

    Authors: Meredith A Achey, Christopher A Beck, Denise B Beran, Cynthia M Boyd, Peter N Schmidt, Allison W Willis, Sara S Riggare, Richard B Simone, Kevin M Biglan and E Ray Dorsey
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:465

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Trials 2016 17:7

  30. Providing evidence of impact highlights the benefits of medical research to society. Such evidence is increasingly requested by research funders and commonly relies on citation analysis. However, other indicat...

    Authors: Valerie C Brueton, Claire L Vale, Babak Choodari-Oskooei, Rachel Jinks and Jayne F Tierney
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:464
  31. Overweight and obesity are serious threats to health and increase healthcare utilization and costs. The Obesity Prevention Tailored for Health (OPT) study was designed to test the effectiveness of a family-bas...

    Authors: Nirupa R Ghai, Kim D Reynolds, Anny H Xiang, Kimberly Massie, Sabrina Rosetti, Lyzette Blanco, Mayra P Martinez and Virginia P Quinn
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:463
  32. Ulcers of the heel in diabetes are the source of considerable suffering and cost. In the absence of specific treatments, it has been suggested that removable, lightweight fibreglass heel casts may both promote...

    Authors: William Jeffcoate, Frances Game, Patricia Price, Ceri Phillips and Vivienne Turtle-Savage
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:462
  33. Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening by fecal occult blood test (FOBT) significantly reduces CRC mortality, and compliance rates directly influence the efficacy of this screening method. The aim of this study is ...

    Authors: Hye Young Shin, Mina Suh, Hyung Won Baik, Kui Son Choi, Boyoung Park, Jae Kwan Jun, Chan Wha Lee, Jae Hwan Oh, You Kyoung Lee, Dong Soo Han and Do-Hoon Lee
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:461
  34. Compared to American Whites, African Americans have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), experiencing poorer metabolic control and greater risks for complications and death. Patient-level fa...

    Authors: Joni S Williams, Cheryl P Lynch, Rebecca G Knapp and Leonard E Egede
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:460
  35. Performing regular exercise is known to manifest a number of health benefits that mainly relate to cardiovascular and muscular adaptations to allow for greater oxygen extraction and utilization. There is incre...

    Authors: Abdullah F Alghannam, Kostas Tsintzas, Dylan Thompson, James Bilzon and James A Betts
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:459
  36. This study will evaluate hypoxia, as a novel concept in the pathogenesis of diabetic macular oedema (DMO). As the oxygen demand of the eye is maximum during dark-adaptation, we hypothesize that wearing light-m...

    Authors: Sobha Sivaprasad, Geoffrey Arden, A Toby Prevost, Roxanne Crosby-Nwaobi, Helen Holmes, Joanna Kelly, Caroline Murphy, Gary Rubin, Joanna Vasconcelos and Philip Hykin
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:458
  37. Maternal depression carries a major public health burden for mothers and their infants, yet there is a substantial treatment gap for this condition in low-resourced regions such as sub-Saharan Africa. To addre...

    Authors: Crick Lund, Marguerite Schneider, Thandi Davies, Memory Nyatsanza, Simone Honikman, Arvin Bhana, Judith Bass, Paul Bolton, Michael Dewey, John Joska, Ashraf Kagee, Landon Myer, Inge Petersen, Martin Prince, Dan J Stein, Graham Thornicroft…
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:457
  38. Blinded outcome assessment is recommended in open-label trials to reduce bias, however it is not always feasible. It is therefore important to find other means of reducing bias in these scenarios.

    Authors: Brennan C Kahan, Suzie Cro, Caroline J Doré, Daniel J Bratton, Sunita Rehal, Nick A Maskell, Najib Rahman and Vipul Jairath
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:456
  39. Epilepsy is the most common neurological problem that affects people with learning disabilities. The high seizure frequency, resistance to treatments, associated skills deficit and co-morbidities make the mana...

    Authors: Marie-Anne Durand, Bob Gates, Georgina Parkes, Asif Zia, Karin Friedli, Garry Barton, Howard Ring, Linda Oostendorp and David Wellsted
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:455
  40. Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is the consequence of further development of minimally invasive surgery to reduce abdominal incisions and surgical trauma. The potential benefits are exp...

    Authors: Jonas D Senft, Rene Warschkow, Markus K Diener, Ignazio Tarantino, Daniel C Steinemann, Sebastian Lamm, Thomas Simon, Andreas Zerz, Beat P Müller-Stich and Georg R Linke
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:454
  41. Serious case reviews and research studies have indicated weaknesses in risk assessments conducted by child protection social workers. Social workers are adept at gathering information but struggle with analysi...

    Authors: Geraldine Macdonald, Jane Lewis, Kenneth Macdonald, Evie Gardner, Lynn Murphy, Catherine Adams, Deborah Ghate, Richard Cotmore and Jonathan Green
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:453
  42. Stepped care is recommended and implemented as a means to organise depression treatment. Compared with alternative systems, it is assumed to achieve equivalent clinical effects and greater efficiency. However,...

    Authors: Jacqueline J Hill, Willem Kuyken and David A Richards
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:452
  43. Depression accounts for the greatest disease burden of all mental health disorders, contributes heavily to healthcare costs, and by 2020 is set to become the second largest cause of global disability. Although...

    Authors: Karen Overend, Helen Lewis, Della Bailey, Kate Bosanquet, Carolyn Chew-Graham, David Ekers, Samantha Gascoyne, Deborah Hems, John Holmes, Ada Keding, Dean McMillan, Shaista Meer, Natasha Mitchell, Sarah Nutbrown, Steve Parrott, David Richards…
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:2310

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Trials 2016 17:217

  44. Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common emergency that causes substantial mortality worldwide. Acute upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding accounts for about 75,000 hospital admissions each year in the UK an...

    Authors: Ian Roberts, Timothy Coats, Phil Edwards, Ian Gilmore, Vipul Jairath, Katharine Ker, Daniela Manno, Haleema Shakur, Simon Stanworth and Andrew Veitch
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:450
  45. The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is estimated at 10 to 20% in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) and often requires renal replacement therapy (RRT). ICU mortality in AKI patients can exc...

    Authors: Rémi Bruyère, Agnès Soudry-Faure, Gilles Capellier, Christine Binquet, Abdelouaid Nadji, Stephane Torner, Gilles Blasco, Maria Yannaraki, Saber Davide Barbar and Jean-Pierre Quenot
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:449
  46. Approximal surfaces are a challenge to caries lesions control. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a simple,low-cost and promisor intervention for arresting caries lesions, but it has never been tested on approxi...

    Authors: Juliana Mattos-Silveira, Isabela Floriano, Fernanda R Ferreira, Maria E F Viganó, M A Frizzo, Alessandra Reyes, Tatiane F Novaes, Caroline M Moriyama, Daniela P Raggio, José C P Imparato, Fausto M Mendes and Mariana M Braga
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:448
  47. Homecare re-ablement services have been developed by local authorities in England in response to the government agenda for health and social care. These services aim to optimize users’ independence and ability...

    Authors: Phillip J Whitehead, Avril ER Drummond, Marion F Walker, Ruth H Parry, Ian D McGeorge and Zaid Latif
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:447
  48. Evolving standards of good publication practice (GPP) and a survey conducted in 2009 of authors, who were investigators and researchers not employed by the company prompted changes to GSK Vaccines’ publication...

    Authors: Isabelle Camby, Véronique Delpire, Laurence Rouxhet, Thomas Morel, Christine Vanderlinden, Nancy Van Driessche and Tatjana Poplazarova
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:446

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