Outcome measure | Analytical method |
---|---|
Metabolites | |
 Glucose | Plasma glucose concentration will be assessed using an automated analyser (Randox RX Daytona, Co. Antrim, UK). |
 Lipids | Serum markers of total triglycerides, total cholesterol, NEFA, HDL-C and LDL-C will also be assessed using an automated analyser and commercially available immunoassays (Randox Laboratories, Co. Antrim, UK). |
Hormones | |
 Insulin | Determined using ELISA (Mercodia AB, Uppsala, Sweden). Variables: (i) incremental area under the curve (iAUC) [54]; (ii) insulin sensitivity index (ISIMatsuda) [55]; (iii) Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-2) model [56] |
Inflammatory markers | |
 Il-6 | Baseline and post-exercise measures of IL-6 will be assessed using ELISA (Quantikine HS, R&D Systems Inc., Abingdon, UK) |
Energy expenditure | |
 Total energy expenditure  (kcal/min) | Total energy expenditure and substrate oxidation rates will be determined from expired gas analysis, at rest and during exercise, using indirect calorimetric methods, as previously described [47] |
 CHO-ox (g/min) | |
 Fat-ox (g/min) |