Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria

1. Individuals who successfully quit smoking* upon their fifth visit to the SC clinic;

2. Within 1 month of an individual’s fifth visit to the SC clinic for SC treatment based on the standard protocol

3. Individuals with ≥ 1.25% increase in BMI between their first and fifth visits to the SC clinic

4. Individuals from 20 to 80 years of age when consent is obtained

5. Individuals from whom consent has been obtained in writing

Exclusion criteria

1. Individuals regularly receiving nutritional guidance

2. Individuals unlikely to benefit from nutritional guidance because of their general condition

3. Individuals in shock, with a severe infection, in the acute stage of cerebral infarction or myocardial infarction, or with terminal-stage cancer

4. Individuals with a BMI less than 18.5 (underweight)

5. Individuals who are pregnant or nursing

6. Individuals who are regularly receiving corticosteroids

7. Individuals with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (i.e., individuals with a HbA1c level consistently above 10.0% despite treatment)

8. Individuals otherwise deemed ineligible by an investigator for participation in this trial (e.g., individuals with severe dementia or a poorly controlled psychiatric disorder) for reasons of participant safety or to ensure that the trial is conducted openly and fairly