Fig. 2
From: Outcome measures in clinical trials of treatments for acute severe haemorrhage
Hypothetical model of the effect of a haemostatic treatment on all-cause and cause-specific mortality. The treatment reduces the risk of death due to bleeding by 25% (relative risk (RR) = 0.75) but has no effect on non-bleeding deaths (RR = 1.00). The effect on all-cause mortality (RR = 0.90) is a weighted average of the effect on cause-specific deaths, weighted according to the relative contributions of each cause. Assuming the same number of patients in each trial arm, the RR can also be calculated as the ratio of events in the treatment and placebo groups