Outcomes | Outcome measures | Instrument | Assessment time pointa |
---|---|---|---|
Personal information | Age, gender, civil status, living arrangement, educational background, medical conditions, and smoking and alcohol habits. | Primary care records Self-report | T0 |
Primary outcomes | |||
 Sedentary behaviour | Sitting time and the number of minutes spent in activities requiring ≤ 1.5 Metabolic Equivalent Tasks. | Actigraph® ActivPal® Axivity® Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire | T0, T1, T2, T3 |
 Physical activity | Daily counts per minute and intensity of exercise, and daily step counts. | Actigraph® | T0, T1, T2, T3 |
 Secondary outcomes | |||
 Physical function | General function Aerobic capacity Static balance | SPPB 2-minutes’ walk test Unipedal stance | T0, T1, T2, T3 |
 Muscle function | Handgrip strength | Takei analogue Hand Grip Dynamometer | T0, T1, T2, T3 |
Mean strength and power with concentric contraction of isoinertial movement performing 3 exercises: (a) 30-s chair stand rise; (b) five repetitions of arm curl with both hands using a 2-kg and 4-kg weight; and (c) four counter-movement jumps. | Linear encoder | ||
 Health economics’ related outcomes | Use of sport services, and use of health and social services, medications, number of falls. | Interview | T0, T1, T2, T3 |
 Anthropometry | Weight, height, body mass index, waist and hip circumference. |  | T0, T1, T2, T3 |
 Bioimpedance | % fat; % muscle | Tanita BC 420S MA bioimpedance analyser | T0, T1, T2, T3 |
 Blood pressure | Systolic and diastolic blood pressure; heart rate. | OMRON M6 comfort | T0, T1, T2, T3 |
 Activities of Daily Living |  | 6-item questionnaire | T0, T1, T2, T3 |
 Self-rated health and health-related quality of life |  | SF-12 EUROQOL-5D ICECAP-O | T0, T1, T2, T3 |
 Anxiety |  | HADS | T0, T1, T2, T3 |
 Depressive symptoms |  | HADS | T0, T1, T2, T3 |
 Social network |  | Lubben Social Network Scale-6 | T0, T1, T2, T3 |
 Physical activity self-regulation |  | 12-item Physical Activity Self-Regulation Scale | T0, T1, T2, T3 |
 Self-efficacy for exercise |  | Marcus’s Self-Efficacy Questionnaire | T0, T1, T2, T3 |
 Disability |  | Short form Late Life Function and Disability Index | T0, T1, T2, T3 |
 Fear of falling |  | Short Falls Efficacy Scale – International | T0, T1, T2, T3 |
 Loneliness |  | Short form De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale | T0, T1, T2, T3 |
 Executive function |  | Trail Making Test | T0, T1, T2, T3 |
 Physical fatigue |  | Pittsburg Fatigability Scale | T0, T1, T2, T3 |
In a subsample: | |||
 Level of frailty-associated biomarkers and inflammation | IL-6, hsCRP, TNF-alpha, IGF-1. | Blood sample | T0, T1 |
 Sarcopenia-associated markers of muscle quality | Myostatin, IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, VEGF, BDNF, FGF21, irisin, myostatin, Type 2/Type 1 fibre ratio, Wnt and Notch signaling, CDC42 | Muscle biopsy | T1 |