Table 2 Complication grades according to the Clavien-Dindo classication scheme^a

I

Any deviation from the normal postoperative course without the need for pharmacological treatment or surgical, endoscopic, and radiological intervention

II

Requiring pharmacological treatment with drugs other than those allowed for grade I complications

III

Requiring surgical, endoscopic, or radiological intervention

IIIa

Intervention not under general anesthesia

IIIb

Intervention under general anesthesia

IV

Life-threatening complication. Requiring intensive care unit management

IVa

Single organ dysfunction

IVb

Multi-organ dysfunction

V

Death of patient