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Table 2 Changes in groups A and B compared with group C in subjective happiness and health-related quality of life

From: Happy Family Kitchen II: a cluster randomized controlled trial of a community-based positive psychology family intervention for subjective happiness and health-related quality of life in Hong Kong

 

Time point

Groups A and B, mean (SD)

Group C, mean (SD)

β (SD)

d a

95 % CI

  

LL

UL

Subjective happiness (4 items, 1–7 scale)

Baseline

4.12 (.16)

4.18 (.17)

–

–

–

–

4 weeks

4.22 (.16)

4.21 (.17)

.07 (.06)

.08

−.044

.187

12 weeks

4.26 (.16)

4.17 (.17)

.15 (.06)

.16b

.024

.271

Health-related quality of life (12 items, 0–100 scale)

       

 Mental component

Baseline

38.68 (1.26)

39.26 (1.32)

–

–

–

–

4 weeks

39.51 (1.26)

39.69 (1.32)

.39 (.57)

.05

−.719

1.505

12 weeks

39.86 (1.27)

39.72 (1.34)

.71 (.60)

.08

−.447

1.884

 Physical component

Baseline

50.62 (1.04)

50.94 (1.07)

–

–

–

–

4 weeks

50.38 (1.04)

50.80 (1.07)

−.10 (.48)

−.01

-1.029

.835

12 weeks

50.91 (1.05)

51.27 (1.08)

−.05 (.50)

−.01

-1.025

.933

  1. LL lower limit, UL upper limit
  2. The estimates for the covariates of age, sex, and education were as follows. That of subjective happiness was β = .08; SD = .02; 95 % CI, .028, .123; β = .02; SD = .07; 95 % CI, −.110, .158; β = .05; SD = .02; 95 % CI, .005, .092, respectively. That of mental quality of life was β = .79; SD = .19; 95 % CI, .413, 1.169; β = .91; SD = .54; 95 % CI, −.146, 1.954; β = .45; SD = .17; 95 % CI, .113, .791, respectively. That of physical quality of life was β = −1.095; SD = .17; 95 % CI, −1.420, −.767; β = 1.53; SD = .49; 95 % CI, .570, 2.487; β = .51; SD = .15; 95 % CI, .220, .803, respectively)
  3. Note. Younger participants (aged <12 years) were excluded
  4. a Cohen’s d (small = .20; medium = .50; large = .80)
  5. b p < .05