Face-to-face individual counseling and online group motivational interviewing in improving oral health: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Outcome measures

Outcomes	Variables	Codes	Source of information
Secondary outcomes
Change in self-efficacy^a
Snacking	Views on the statements “I can control snacks to once a day or less when … (under several scenarios)”	(1) Not at all; (2) A little of the time;	Questionnaire
		(3) Sometimes; (4) Most of the time;
		(5) All the time
Toothbrushing	Views on the statements “I can brush my teeth twice a day when … (under several scenarios)”	1) Not at all; (2) A little of the time;	Questionnaire
		(3) Sometimes; (4) Most of the time;
		(5) All the time
Change in behaviors
Snacking	Frequency of snacking per day	(1) None; (2) Once; (3) Twice;	Questionnaire
Snacking	Frequency of snacking per day	(4) 3 times; (5) 4 times or more	Questionnaire
Toothbrushing	Frequency of toothbrushing per day	(1) Less than once; (2) Once;	Questionnaire
Toothbrushing	Frequency of toothbrushing per day	(3) Twice; (4) 3 times or more	Questionnaire
Primary outcomes
Gingival health	Gingival bleeding score (% of tooth surfaces with gingival bleeding)	Continuous	Oral examination
Caries increment	Number of new carious surfaces	Continuous	Oral examination
	Presence/absence of new carious surfaces	Nominal	Oral examination

^aSix scenarios will be used, namely “when feeling down in the dumps,” “when busy and overloaded,” “when tired,” “when on a vacation,” “when it means stopping doing something that is enjoyable” and “if there is a slip up, will the subject resume controlling”

ISSN: 1745-6215