Variables | Data collection method | Data collection points (weeks) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary outcome measures | Baseline | Baseline | 12 | 24 | 36 | 48 |
Muscle mass and cross-sectional area | Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) total body and regional lean mass | x | Â | x | Â | Â |
 | Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) scan at 25% femur site | x |  | x |  |  |
Muscle strength | Leg press | x | Â | x | Â | Â |
 | Isometric knee extensor strength | x |  | x |  |  |
Cognitive function | Cogstate Brief Battery computerized tests | x | x | x | Â | Â |
 | Behaviour Rating of Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A) | x |  | x |  |  |
Secondary Outcome Measures | ||||||
 Muscle Function | Four-square step test | x |  | x |  |  |
 | 4 meter walk | x |  | x |  |  |
 | 30-second sit-to-stand test | x |  | x |  |  |
 | Timed up and go test | x |  | x |  |  |
 Fat mass and inter-/intra-muscular fat | DXA (total body and regional) and pQCT (25% femur site) | x |  | x |  |  |
 Biochemistry and hormonal measures | Overnight fasted blood collection | x | x | x |  |  |
 Neurotrophic markers | Overnight fasted blood collection | x | x | x |  |  |
 Adipokines and Inflammatory markers | Overnight fasted blood collection | x | x | x |  |  |
 Blood lipids | Overnight fasted blood collection | x | x | x |  |  |
 Bone mineral density | DXA total body, hip and spine scan | x |  | x |  |  |
 Blood pressure | Automated measurement | x |  | x |  |  |
 Health related Quality of Life | Short form (SF)-36 version 2 questionnaire | x |  | x |  |  |
 Neural plasticity and voluntary activation | Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) * | x | x | x |  |  |
Additional Measures | ||||||
 Anthropometry | Height, weight and body mass index (BMI) | x |  | x |  |  |
 Health and Lifestyle information | Lifestyle Questionnaire | x |  | x |  |  |
 Habitual physical activity | Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors questionnaire | x |  | x | x | x |
 Memory and mood | Memory Assessment Questionnaire (MAC-Q) | x |  | x |  |  |
 Depression and anxiety | The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire | x |  | x |  |  |
 Diet | 24-hour food diaries | Monthly | x | x | ||
 Compliance to red meat and carbohydrates | Food records | Daily calendar |  |  | ||
 Vitamin D supplement compliance | Pill count |  |  | x |  |  |
 Compliance to exercise program | Exercise cards | Monthly |  |  | ||
 Adverse events | Exercise cards and adverse events form | Monthly |  |  |