Inclusion criteria | Rationale |
---|---|
18 to 65Â years old | Chronic low back pain in older adults is more likely to have specific causes (e.g., spinal canal stenosis) |
Current nonspecific low back pain persisting ≥ 3 months | Condition studied is specifically chronic |
Consulted a doctor during the last month for persistent low back pain | Back pain severe enough and motivation from the patient itself to seek treatment |
Dutch fluency sufficient to follow treatment instructions and answer survey questions | Fully informed consent and data collection |