Table 2 Patient outcomes at six weeks post-stroke

Questionnaires returned

96

122

88

306

Catheterised (% of returned)

21

22%

37

30%

18

20%

76

25%

Potential respondents for incontinence measures (% age of returned)

75

78%

85

70%

70

80%

230

75%

Primary outcome: presence or absence of incontinence (ICIQ-UI Short-Form question three)

0.94 (0.46-1.94)

0.62 (0.28-1.37)

0

Continent^a

21

28%

29

34%

16

23%

66

29%

Incontinent^b

54

72%

56

66%

54

77%

164

71%

ICIQ-UI Short Form (UC: 75; I: 83; SI: 70; All: 228)^f

0.83 (0.49-1.38)

0.89 (0.52-1.51)

0

Never

21

30%

29

41%

16

24%

66

31%

About once a week or less often

8

11%

7

10%

11

16%

26

12%

Two or three times per week

12

17%

10

14%

8

12%

30

14%

About once a day

9

13%

11

15%

12

18%

32

15%

Several times a day

25

35%

25

35%

22

32%

72

34%

All the time

0

0%

1

1%

1

1%

2

1%

Secondary outcomes

Incontinence Severity Index (ISI) score (UC: 75; I: 84; SI: 68; All: 227)^f

0.87 (0.48-1.57)

0.84 (0.46-1.56)

0

Median (IQR)

4

0-8

4

0-8

4

1-8

4

(0-8)

None (0)

21

28%

29

35%

16

24%

66

29%

Slight (1-2)

6

8%

6

7%

7

10%

19

8%

Moderate (3-4)

13

17%

11

13%

18

26%

42

19%

Severe (6-8)

35

47%

38

45%

27

40%

100

44%

Leicester Urinary Symptom Questionnaire

Frequency of toilet visits during daytime (UC: 71; I: 71; SI: 68; All: 210)^f

0.43 (0.22-0.84)

0.60 (0.30-1.22)

0.017

At least every 30 minutes

0

0%

0

0%

0

0%

0

0%

Every hour

0

0%

0

0%

0

0%

0

0%

Every 90 minutes

2

3%

2

3%

1

1%

5

2%

Every 2 hours

2

3%

2

3%

10

15%

14

7%

Less often than every 2 hours

67

94%

67

94%

57

84%

191

91%

Types of incontinence

Urge incontinence present (UC: 75; I: 84; SI: 68; All: 227)^f

52

70%

50

59%

1.35 (0.67-2.71)

48

71%

0.89 (0.41-1.91)

150

66%

0

Stress incontinence present (UC: 71; I: 78; SI: 57; All: 206)^f

36

51%

32

41%

1.01 (0.42-2.43)

33

58%

0.82 (0.34-1.61)

101

49%

0

EQ-5D-3 L

Mobility (UC: 96; I: 114; SI: 88; All: 298)^f

1.27 (0.69-2.34)

1.37 (0.74-2.53)

No problems

13

14%

10

9%

6

7%

29

10%

Some problems

51

53%

44

39%

48

55%

143

48%

Confined to bed

32

33%

60

53%

34

39%

126

42%

Self-care (UC: 96; I: 114; SI: 88; All: 298)^f

0.61 (0.34-1.09)

0.75 (0.40-1.39)

0

No problems

13

14%

13

11%

13

15%

39

13%

Some problems

49

51%

47

41%

36

41%

132

44%

Unable to wash or dress

34

35%

54

47%

39

44%

127

43%

Usual activity (UC: 96; I: 114; SI: 88; All: 298)^f

0.42 (0.22-0.81)

0.79 (0.41-1.51)

0

No problems

6

6%

5

4%

5

6%

16

5%

Some problems

44

46%

30

26%

34

39%

108

36%

Unable to perform

46

48%

79

69%

49

56%

174

58%

Pain or discomfort (UC: 95; I: 111; SI: 84; All: 290)^f

0.66 (0.38-1.16)

0.63 (0.34-1.14)

0

None

62

65%

58

52%

52

62%

172

59%

Moderate

32

34%

48

43%

29

35%

109

38%

Extreme

1

1%

5

5%

3

4%

9

3%

Anxiety or depression (UC: 95; I: 107; SI: 83; All: 285)^f

0.56 (0.33-0.95)

0.86 (0.49-1.51)

0

None

51

54%

47

44%

47

57%

145

51%

Moderate

42

44%

54

50%

33

40%

129

45%

Extreme

2

2%

6

6%

3

4%

11

4%

Mean (SD) incontinence Quality of life^d (UC: 53; I: 43; SI: 38; All: 134)^f

75

(56.7-90.9)

78.4

(37.5-89.8)

-10.1 (-29.5-9.3)

74.4

(48.3-92.1)

-10.1 (-28.6-8.3)

76

(51.7-91.2)

0.184

Median (IQR) Barthel Index (UC: 96; I: 117; SI: 88; All: 301)^f

8.5

(3-14)

7

(3-11)

0.68 (0.43-1.07)

7.5

(4-12)

0.70 (0.43-1.13)

8

(3-12)

0

Dead (UC: 118; I: 145; SI: 114; All: 377)^f

4

3%

7

5%

1.01 (0.43-2.39)

6

5%

0.72 (0.31-1.71)

17

5%

0.0087