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Table 2 Variables, measures, and methods of analysis

From: Acupuncture for adolescents with mild-to-moderate myopia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Variable/outcome

Hypothesis

Outcome measure

Methods of analysis

1) Primary

Intervention improved outcome from baseline to 7 days

Adherence% (>80%) [binary]

 

Diopter

Diopter reduced or increased after treatment

Diopter [continuous]

t-test (rank-sum test) or repeated measurement

2) Secondary

Intervention improved outcome from baseline to 7 days

Adherence% (>80%) [binary]

 

Visual acuity

Visual acuity did not increase or decrease after treatment

Visual acuity changes [continuous]

t-test (rank-sum test) or repeated measurement

Axial length

Axial length was not increased

Axial length changes [continuous]

t-test (rank-sum test) or repeated measurement

Lens thickness

Lens thickness was not increased

Lens thickness changes [continuous]

t-test (rank-sum test) or repeated measurement

Ciliary body thickness

Ciliary body thickness was not increased

Ciliary body thickness changes [continuous]

t-test (rank-sum test) or repeated measurement

Eye symptoms and systemic symptoms

No adverse symptoms

No adverse symptoms

Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test

Compliance

Compliance

Cure rate [binary]

Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test

Combination therapy/treatment

Improvement occurred

Whether other drugs were used during treatment [binary]

Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test

Adverse event

Improvement occurred

Presence of drug-related adverse event [binary]

Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test

3) Baseline analyses:

 

Adherence% (>80%) [continuous]

 

Age

 

CRF [continuous]

t-test (rank-sum test)

Weight and height

 

CRF [continuous]

t-test (rank-sum test)

Female versus male

 

CRF [binary]

Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test

Race

 

CRF [more categories]

Chi-squared test or rank-sum test

Birth weight

 

CRF [continuous]

t-test (rank-sum test)

Preterm children

 

CRF [binary]

Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test

Parental myopia or not

 

CRF [binary]

Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test

Sibling myopia or not

 

CRF [binary]

Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test

Daily close reading time

 

CRF [continuous]

t-test (rank-sum test)

Outdoor time

 

CRF [continuous]

t-test (rank-sum test)

Eye exercises every day or not

 

CRF [binary]

Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test

Daily sleep time

 

CRF [continuous]

t-test (rank-sum test)

Room light conditions

 

CRF [binary]

Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test

Poor reading habits

 

CRF [more categories]

Chi-squared test or rank-sum test

  1. CRF, case report form ; rank-sum test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test; t-test, Student’s t-test.