Variable/time point | Baseline: 12 months | Follow-up 1: 0 to 6 months | Follow-up 2: 6 to 12 months | Follow-up 3: 12 to 18 months | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Individual follow-up | Group follow-up | Individual follow-up | Group follow-up | Individual follow-up | Group follow-up | Individual follow-up | Group follow-up | |
Resource item | ||||||||
GP visits: diabetes | 0.50 (1.35) | 0.37 (0.93) | 0.25 (0.75) | 0.17 (0.61) | 0.28 (0.72) | 0.15 (0.46) | 0.25 (0.84) | 0.28 (0.91) |
GP visits: other | 1.35 (1.95) | 1.16 (1.72) | 1.45 (2.44) | 1.12 (1.43) | 1.25 (1.61) | 1.11 (1.37) | 1.19 (2.06) | 1.15 (1.42) |
Diabetes nurse visits | 1.09 (1.03) | 0.90 (1.05) | 0.72 (1.21) | 0.58 (0.76) | 0.57 (1.10) | 0.43 (0.74) | 0.45 (0.70) | 0.46 (0.81) |
Diabetes nurse calls | 0.78 (1.78) | 0.61 (1.78) | 0.75 (1.42) | 0.56 (1.06) | 0.51 (1.26) | 0.49 (1.06) | 0.55 (1.22) | 0.44 (1.36) |
Dietitian visits | 0.39 (0.59) | 0.34 (0.74) | 0.30 (0.60) | 0.28 (0.53) | 0.29 (0.67) | 0.20 (0.44) | 0.16 (0.38) | 0.10(0.35) |
Dietitian calls | 0.05 (0.21) | 0.04 (0.21) | 0.28 (1.09) | 0.10 (0.37) | 0.12 (0.46) | 0.10 (0.49) | 0.05 (0.25) | 0.06 (0.55) |
Outpatient visits: diabetes | 0.84 (0.76) | 0.82 (0.65) | 0.50 (0.59) | 0.36 (0.58) | 0.50 (0.60) | 0.30 (0.53) | 0.49 (0.61) | 0.41 (0.62) |
Outpatient visits: other | 0.29 (0.72) | 0.39 (1.55) | 0.45 (1.67) | 0.33 (0.88) | 0.49 (1.29) | 0.32 (0.80) | 0.43 (0.94) | 0.49 (1.17) |
Inpatient days: diabetes | 0.27 (1.44) | 0.17 (0.86) | 0.16 (0.95) | 0.02 (0.19) | 0.04 (0.30) | 0.03 (0.16) | 0.06 (0.44) | 0.11 (0.64) |
Inpatient days: other | 0.24 (1.03) | 0.39 (2.30) | 0.29 (1.48) | 0.10 (0.42) | 0.46 (2.16) | 0.22 (1.03) | 0.19 (1.06) | 0.15 (0.71) |
A&E visits: diabetes | 0.08 (0.36) | 0.06 (0.26) | 0.04 (0.18) | 0.02 (0.19) | 0.01 (0.08) | 0.04 (0.20) | 0.03 (0.16) | 0.03 (0.16) |
A&E visits: other | 0.07 (0.27) | 0.10 (0.36) | 0.07 (0.28) | 0.14 (0.48) | 0.09 (0.33) | 0.11 (0.42) | 0.06 (0.24) | 0.10 (0.35) |
Chiropodist visits | 0.27 (0.56) | 0.25 (0.61) | 0.32 (0.62) | 0.20 (0.42) | 0.31 (0.62) | 0.23 (0.56) | 0.32 (0.69) | 0.23 (0.57) |
Diabetes centre visits | 1.35 (1.10) | 1.25 (1.15) | 1.02 (1.33) | 0.80 (0.02) | 0.92 (1.20) | 0.70 (0.90) | 0.79 (1.07) | 0.72 (0.92) |
Quick-acting insulin (IUs) | 30.53 (15.15) | 27.88 (14.56) | 25.39 (13.73) | 24.09 (13.57) | 26.84 (12.82) | 24.09 (15.12) | 25.82 (13.14) | 25.78 (13.69) |
Background insulin (IUs) | 25.68 (11.61) | 24.35 (14.17) | 21.11 (8.94) | 19.02 (9.77) | 21.44 (9.76) | 19.22 (9.46) | 21.80 (10.58) | 20.39 (11.53) |
Blood glucose tests | 3.79 (2.38) | 3.72 (1.99) | 4.46 (1.91) | 4.07 (1.43) | 4.53 (1.96) | 4.37 (1.93) | 4.60 (2.04) | 4.22 (2.04) |
Lipid lowering therapy | 67 (30%) | 69 (32%) | 46 (32%) | 53 (36%) | 49 (34%) | 55 (34%) | 48 (33%) | 50 (37%) |
Antiplatelet therapy | 53 (24%) | 70 (32%) | 43 (30%) | 51 (35%) | 43 (30%) | 54 (33%) | 40 (27%) | 45 (33%) |
Antihypertensive therapy | 57 (26%) | 76 (35%) | 28 (20%) | 51 (35%) | 32 (22%) | 51 (35%) | 30 (21%) | 49 (36%) |
Health outcome | ||||||||
EQ5D score | 0.88 (0.20) | 0.87 (0.18) | 0.91 (0.15) | 0.88 (0.16) | 0.92 (0.14) | 0.86 (0.20) | 0.90 (0.16) | 0.88 (0.17) |