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Table 4 Resource use and EQ5D estimates at baseline and follow-up by treatment arm

From: Cost effectiveness of group follow-up after structured education for type 1 diabetes: a cluster randomised controlled trial

Variable/time point

Baseline: 12 months

Follow-up 1: 0 to 6 months

Follow-up 2: 6 to 12 months

Follow-up 3: 12 to 18 months

 

Individual follow-up

Group follow-up

Individual follow-up

Group follow-up

Individual follow-up

Group follow-up

Individual follow-up

Group follow-up

Resource item

        

GP visits: diabetes

0.50 (1.35)

0.37 (0.93)

0.25 (0.75)

0.17 (0.61)

0.28 (0.72)

0.15 (0.46)

0.25 (0.84)

0.28 (0.91)

GP visits: other

1.35 (1.95)

1.16 (1.72)

1.45 (2.44)

1.12 (1.43)

1.25 (1.61)

1.11 (1.37)

1.19 (2.06)

1.15 (1.42)

Diabetes nurse visits

1.09 (1.03)

0.90 (1.05)

0.72 (1.21)

0.58 (0.76)

0.57 (1.10)

0.43 (0.74)

0.45 (0.70)

0.46 (0.81)

Diabetes nurse calls

0.78 (1.78)

0.61 (1.78)

0.75 (1.42)

0.56 (1.06)

0.51 (1.26)

0.49 (1.06)

0.55 (1.22)

0.44 (1.36)

Dietitian visits

0.39 (0.59)

0.34 (0.74)

0.30 (0.60)

0.28 (0.53)

0.29 (0.67)

0.20 (0.44)

0.16 (0.38)

0.10(0.35)

Dietitian calls

0.05 (0.21)

0.04 (0.21)

0.28 (1.09)

0.10 (0.37)

0.12 (0.46)

0.10 (0.49)

0.05 (0.25)

0.06 (0.55)

Outpatient visits: diabetes

0.84 (0.76)

0.82 (0.65)

0.50 (0.59)

0.36 (0.58)

0.50 (0.60)

0.30 (0.53)

0.49 (0.61)

0.41 (0.62)

Outpatient visits: other

0.29 (0.72)

0.39 (1.55)

0.45 (1.67)

0.33 (0.88)

0.49 (1.29)

0.32 (0.80)

0.43 (0.94)

0.49 (1.17)

Inpatient days: diabetes

0.27 (1.44)

0.17 (0.86)

0.16 (0.95)

0.02 (0.19)

0.04 (0.30)

0.03 (0.16)

0.06 (0.44)

0.11 (0.64)

Inpatient days: other

0.24 (1.03)

0.39 (2.30)

0.29 (1.48)

0.10 (0.42)

0.46 (2.16)

0.22 (1.03)

0.19 (1.06)

0.15 (0.71)

A&E visits: diabetes

0.08 (0.36)

0.06 (0.26)

0.04 (0.18)

0.02 (0.19)

0.01 (0.08)

0.04 (0.20)

0.03 (0.16)

0.03 (0.16)

A&E visits: other

0.07 (0.27)

0.10 (0.36)

0.07 (0.28)

0.14 (0.48)

0.09 (0.33)

0.11 (0.42)

0.06 (0.24)

0.10 (0.35)

Chiropodist visits

0.27 (0.56)

0.25 (0.61)

0.32 (0.62)

0.20 (0.42)

0.31 (0.62)

0.23 (0.56)

0.32 (0.69)

0.23 (0.57)

Diabetes centre visits

1.35 (1.10)

1.25 (1.15)

1.02 (1.33)

0.80 (0.02)

0.92 (1.20)

0.70 (0.90)

0.79 (1.07)

0.72 (0.92)

Quick-acting insulin (IUs)

30.53 (15.15)

27.88 (14.56)

25.39 (13.73)

24.09 (13.57)

26.84 (12.82)

24.09 (15.12)

25.82 (13.14)

25.78 (13.69)

Background insulin (IUs)

25.68 (11.61)

24.35 (14.17)

21.11 (8.94)

19.02 (9.77)

21.44 (9.76)

19.22 (9.46)

21.80 (10.58)

20.39 (11.53)

Blood glucose tests

3.79 (2.38)

3.72 (1.99)

4.46 (1.91)

4.07 (1.43)

4.53 (1.96)

4.37 (1.93)

4.60 (2.04)

4.22 (2.04)

Lipid lowering therapy

67 (30%)

69 (32%)

46 (32%)

53 (36%)

49 (34%)

55 (34%)

48 (33%)

50 (37%)

Antiplatelet therapy

53 (24%)

70 (32%)

43 (30%)

51 (35%)

43 (30%)

54 (33%)

40 (27%)

45 (33%)

Antihypertensive therapy

57 (26%)

76 (35%)

28 (20%)

51 (35%)

32 (22%)

51 (35%)

30 (21%)

49 (36%)

Health outcome

        

EQ5D score

0.88 (0.20)

0.87 (0.18)

0.91 (0.15)

0.88 (0.16)

0.92 (0.14)

0.86 (0.20)

0.90 (0.16)

0.88 (0.17)

  1. Values are shown as mean (SD) or n (%) as appropriate. A&E, accident and emergency; EQ5D, EuroQol five dimensions; GP, general practitioner; IU, insulin unit.