Confounder | Variables | How to measure |
---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | Age, sex, social status, family size, educational attainment, occupational history, income | Questionnaire |
Lifestyle | Alcohol consumption, physical activity | Questionnaire |
Genetic factor | Family history of diabetes, hypertension and CVD | Questionnaire |
Drugs | Different medications for diabetes and hypertension | Clinical record |
Health literacy [29] | A scale of five questions | Questionnaire of Ishikawa’s scale [29] |
Family support | A scale of 16 questions | Questionnaire |
Physical activity | RAPA scale [30] | Questionnaire |