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Table 1 Characteristics of studies used, prevalence, and rates, for key perinatal indicators from 5 community-based cluster RCTs

From: Intracluster correlation coefficients and coefficients of variation for perinatal outcomes from five cluster-randomised controlled trials in low and middle-income countries: results and methodological implications

Project

Country

Perinatal Care Project

Rural Bangladesh

Ekjut

Rural India

City Initiative for Newborn Health

Urban India

MaiMwana

Malawi

MaiKhanda*

Malawi

Study location

Three districts: Bogra, Maulvibazaar and Faridpur

Three districts of Jharkhand and Orissa: Keonjhar, West Singhbhum and Saraikela

Mumbai municipality

Mchinji district

Three districts: Lilongwe, Salima and Kasungu

Period for which data are included

1st Feb 2005 - 31st Dec 2007

1st July 2005 - 30th June 2008

1st October 2005 - 30th September 2008

1st January 2005 - 31st January 2009 (study is ongoing)

1st July 2008 - 31st July 2010 (study is ongoing)

Estimated population

478 000

228 000

280 000

180 000

312 000

Design

Two-by-two factorial cluster RCT

Cluster RCT

Cluster RCT

Two-by-two factorial cluster RCT

Two-by-two factorial cluster RCT

Stratification

By district (3 strata)

By district (3 strata)

By municipal ward (6 strata)

None

None

Cluster characteristics

Villages making up a union

8-10 village with residents classified as tribal or OBC

1000-1500 households in slum areas

Aggregated villages and group village headman areas

Aggregated villages and group village headman areas in the catchment area of one Health Centre/Dispensary

Total number of clusters (Number included in this study)**

18 (5)

36 (18)

48 (24)

48 (12)

76 (30)

Annual births per cluster: Mean (SD)

587 (123)

171 (38)

131 (61)

139 (25)

143 (61)

Mean cluster population (SD, min, max)

27953 (5953, 15441-35110)

6338 (2101, 3605-7467)

5865 (1077, 4310-7750)

3958 (404, 3068-4645)

3934 (1332, 2121-8558)

Crude birth rate***

20.8

28.1

22.3

35.1

35.0

  1. * MaiKhanda data are provisional as verification of deaths and follow-up of missing women are still ongoing.
  2. **These are 'pure' control clusters. In the case of factorial designs, none of the interventions tested was being implemented in these clusters.
  3. *** Number of live births per 1000 population during study period. We chose to use population estimates at the mid-point of trials as the denominator.